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ART OF SATAVAHANAS

The Sātavāhana kings are also remarkable for their contributions to Buddhist art and architecture. They built great stupas in the Krishna River Valley, including the stupa at Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh. The stupas were decorated in marble slabs and sculpted with scenes from the life of the Buddha, portrayed in a characteristic slim and elegant style. The Satavahana empire colonized southeast Asia and spread Indian culture to those parts. Mahayana Buddhism, which may have originated in Andhra (northwestern India being the alternative candidate), was carried to many parts of Asia by the rich maritime culture of the Satavahanas. The Amaravati style of sculpture spread to Southeast Asia at this time.

The Satavahanas contributed greatly to the embellishment of the Buddhist stupa of Sanchi. The gateways and the balustrade were built after 70 BCE, and appear to have been commissioned by them. An inscription records the gift of one of the top architraves of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana king Satakarni:

Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni

Throughout, the Buddhist art of the Satavahanas remained aniconic, denying any human representation of the Buddha, even in highly descriptive scenes. This remained true until the end of the Satavahana rule, in the 2nd century CE.

MY RESEARCH PAPER DEDICATED TELANGANA PEOPLE

Cant we accept the theory of puranas of 29 kings ,which was

Corraberated by all puranas not one in same pattern except minor

Differences, now and then we get coins of some new rulers .

There are instances that only numismatic evidence which give

us proofssome unknown dynasties and kings so refute in this

point with some scholars.

Being numismatist I have seen lot of instances like this ,last

Decade,We have not seen many chera coins now we have

seeing many new varietiesOf chera coins.Hope some day

we will get a big hoard of coins of rulers with unknown

kings of satavanahas in tune with Puranas?

The Puranas like Matsya, Vayu, Vishnu, Bhagvata and Brahmanda

provide important, if confusing, data for the reconstruction of the

Satavahana history. Literary works like Brihatkatha of Gunadya,

Gathasaptasati of Hala, or Lilavati yield useful information on the

period. Foreign literary sources like the ‘Indica’ of Megastanese,

Pliny’s ‘Natural History’,

The study of the Satavahana coins, particularly the Jogalthambi

hoard of Nahapana’s coins, most of them restruck by Gautamiputra

Satakarni, can help the historian of the period. The Satavahana

inscriptions, all of them inscribed on stone, provide valuable data

for the reconstruction of their history

LIST OF KINGS IN SCHOLAR VIEW

oots of satavanhana ???

In the first edition of this work, R. G. Bhandarkar had advanced the

view that the rise of the Satavahana power should be placed during

the second quarter of the first century B. C.1 This view

has been subsequently accepted by D. R. Bhandarkar2, H. C. Roy

Chaudhuri 3 and D. C. Sircar.

The arguments in favour of this view are not without weight. The most

cogent evidence insupport of this theory is the unanimous statement of

the Puranas that Simuka, the first Andhra (i.e.Satavahana king),

will rise to power after overthrowing the last Kanva ruler Susarman and

destroying what remained of the Shunga power5. It is generally assumed

that the Shungas ruledfrom c. 187 to 75 B. C. and the Kanvas from c.

75 to 30 B. C. It is therefore maintained by thisschool that the rise of

Simuka, the founder of the Satavahana dynasty, should be placed in the third

quarter of the first century B.C.

This would lead to the conclusion that the dynasty ruled for about two

and a half centuriesonly; we can now well understand why one Puranic

tradition asserts in round number that the rule ofthe Satavahanas lasted

for three centuries only.

Normally speaking about 17 or 18 kings only can flourish during this period,

and we ca nnow well understand why one Puranic tradition enumerates

18 Andhra kings only.

If we assume that the Satavahana dynasty consisted of about

thirty kings who ruled for about 450 years, we have to assume a

big gap of about 150 years between the earlier and later Satavahana

kings, known to us from inscriptions3and coins. This gap disappears

almost altogether I fwe place the rise of Simuka in c. 30 B.C.

R. P. has drawn attention to the palaeographical difficulties in

accepting the theory that Satakarni, the 3rd Satavahana

My view is that when Puranas shed light ,when there is no other

evidence present ,

KINGS LIST OF SATAVAHANA

Gautamiputra (Sri Yagna) Sātakarni (also known as Shalivahan) (r. 78-106 CE)

Defeated.According to the Western Satrap ruler Nahapana, restoring the prestige

of his dynasty by reconquering a large part of the former dominions of the

Sātavāhanas.

He was an ardent supporter of Hinduism.According to the Nasik inscription made by

his mother Gautami Balasri, he is the one…who crushed down the pride and conceit

of the Kshatriyas (the native Indian princes, the Rajputs of Rajputana, Gujarat and

Central India); who destroyed the Shakas (Western Kshatrapas), Yavanas

(Indo-Greeks) and Pahlavas (Indo-Parthians),… who rooted the Khakharata

family (The Kshaharata family of Nahapana); who restored the glory of the

Satavahana

Chronology and geography are rightly stated to be the two eyes of history;

neither of themhowever enables us to get a clear glimpse of the Satavahana

history. There are wide differencesamong scholars both about the time when

the Satavahanas rose to power, as also about theiroriginal home. One school

holds that the Satavahanas established their power in the last quarter of

the 3rd century B.C.; the other opines that they began to rule in the second

quarter of the firstcentury B. C. One school holds that their home was

somewhere in Andhra country or Telangana ;the other holds that it lay

somewhere in Maharashtra, either in Western India or near Pratisthana

,their traditional capital. It will be convenient to settle these controversial

points before we proceed togive an account of the history of the dynasty.

SATAVAHANA FOUGHT ANGAINST FOREIGN INVADERS

In Asoka edicts mentioned in semi-indipendent state.

The LAW of PIETY in the edict of XIII as preached by kings emissaries’ was

arranged by an unique way of classification principle.

First are recorded the names of kings and peoples whose independence is of

no question, secondly are mentioned ‘the kings dominion’ and lastly come a

number of peoples, divided like the independentInto northern and southern

group,who may be supposed,from the considerations also,to have

independent, semi-indipendent ones, in this group are the Andhra classified so

andhras people ar ealways own their independence but have cordial relations

with north Indian rulers.

The conquest of Kalinga took place in the 9th year of the kings

reign that was 261BC

The Jaugada and Dhauli edicts comment on the duties of officials of the border

tribes which were

written on 14th year 256BC show the policy of conciliation from Asoka side .

Before the foundation of the Satavahana empire, the Deccan was covered with a

Large number of petty kingdoms, which were often at war with one another. The

Satavahanas for the first time wielded the Deccan into a powerful State and gave

a cohesion and integrity to its history. The Deccan prospered immensely

under their strong rule. At a time when northern India was suffering from a series

of invasions by foreign powers like the Bactrians, the Sakas, the Parthians end the

Kusanas, the Deccan was enjoying relative peace. Among the foreigners, the

Sakas eventually succeeded in establishing a base at Ujjayini, from which

they proceeded to attack the Deccan. For a time the Satavahanas had to

give way and portions of Konkan and Northern Maharashtra were lost to them.

But very soon the Satavahanas drove out the foreigners from the Deccan and

restored freedom to the conquered provinces. The role of the Satavahanas in this

connection is comparable to that of the Vijayanagar empire in later times.

PURANAS GIVE OUR HISTORY

Even prakriti language was written in northern Brahmi

The Satavahana rulers were called as Andrabrutyas ,which later was given to

the name of the clan whichthe ruling family belonged as thought by historians

.Their home was no doubt the telugu country in telangana expanded to river krishna ,

Godavari regions,with kotilangala as capital city.

According to Puranas and Historians the Satavahan Dynasty

was started by King Simuka satavahana named in inscriptions was also called as

Sisuka in Matsya Puraná; Sipraka in Vishnu Puraná; sinduka in Vayu Puraná ;

,Ch’hismaka in Brahmanda Puraná;Yuga Purana mentioned him as

Satuvara: Col.Wilford; list gives his name as Sri Karna Deva of Sipraka but one,

every Paraná accept is his tenure as king was TWENTY THREE years.

In Jain accounts he is called as Gadabhilla father of Vikrama

who ruled over Andhra.

Chart of ALL Puranas history names tenure of each king for 29 satavahana kings

is given separately.

other version of KOHINOOR

The origin of the diamond is unclear, although rumors abound. According to some sources, the Koh-i-noor was originally found more than 5000 years ago, and is mentioned in ancient Sanskrit writings under the name Syamantaka.[original research?] According to some Hindu mythological accounts, Krishna obtained the diamond from Jambavantha, whose daughter Jambavati later married Krishna. The legend says that the diamond was from the Sun God to Satrajith (father of Satyabhama) which produces 1000 kg of gold daily. Krishna got the blame of stealing the diamond from Satrajith's brother who is killed by a lion which in turn was killed by Jambavantha. Satrajith had alleged that "Krishna probably killed my brother, who went to the forest wearing the jewel on his neck." Krishna, to restore his reputation, fought a fierce battle with Jambavan and gave the stone back to Satrajith. Now being ashamed with himself Satrajith offered his daughter's hand to Krishna along with the stone. Krishna accepted his daughter Satyabhama's hand but refused to take the Syamantaka.


Historical evidence suggests that the Kohinoor originated in the Guntur region of Kakatiya kingdom, in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, one of the world's earliest diamond producing regions. This region was the only known source for diamonds until 1730 when diamonds were discovered in Brazil. The term "Golconda" diamond has come to define diamonds of the finest white color, clarity and transparency. They are very rare and highly sought after.

The diamond was mined in the Kollur mines near the village Paritala in the present day Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.The diamond became the property of Kakatiya kings. The Khilji dynasty at Delhi ended in 1320 A.D. and Ghiyas ud din Tughluq Shah I ascended the Delhi throne. Tughlaq sent his commander Ulugh Khan in 1323 to defeat the Kakatiya king Prataparudra. Ulugh Khan’s raid was repulsed but he returned in a month with a larger and determined army. The unprepared army of Kakatiya was defeated. The loot, plunder and destruction of Orugallu (present day Warangal), the capital of Kakatiya Kingdom, continued for months. Loads of gold, diamonds, pearls and ivory were carried away to Delhi on elephants, horses and camels. The Koh-i-noor diamond was part of the bounty. From then onwards, the stone passed through the hands of successive rulers of the Delhi sultanate, finally passing to Babur, the first Mughal emperor, in 1526.

The curse of the Koh-i-Noor

It is believed that the Koh-i-Noor carries with it a curse and only when in the possession of a woman will the curse not work. All the men who owned it have either lost their throne or had other misfortunes befall them. The British are wary of this curse and so far, only Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth have adorned the gem as sovereigns. Since Queen Victoria the diamond has always gone to the wife of the male heir to the throne.

The possibility of a curse pertaining to ownership of the diamond dates back to a Hindu text relating to the first authenticated appearance of the diamond in 1306: "He who owns this diamond will own the world, but will also know all its misfortunes. Only God, or a woman, can wear it with impunity."

ROMANS VISITED NAGARJUNA KONDA

ALL ROMANS VISITED NAGARJUNA KONDA SATAVAHANA QUEENS WHO SUPPORTED BHUDDISM MORE THAN KINGS .THAT IS THE REASON FOR BHUDHHISM SPREAD IN KARIMNAGAR,BELT .
Ptolemy knew of this and the other port towns AND KARIMNAGAR DHULIKATTA ETC HERMITAGES, as the most important centres .These two towns became hubs of trade and commerce and attracted many religious faiths, including Buddhism.Roman ships found their way into these ports. Roman coins dating from the early centuries of the common era have been found near the Kaveri delta.

HALA GATHA SAPTASADI A CMPILATION OF STORIES

Sātavāhana king, Hāla (r. 20-24 CE) is famous for compiling the collection of poems known as the Gaha Sattasai (Sanskrit: Gāthā Saptashatī), although from linguistic evidence it seems that the work now extant must have been re-edited in the succeeding century or two. The Lilavati describes his marriage with a Ceylonese Princess.

The Satavahanas influenced South-East Asia to a great extent, spreading Hindu culture, language and religion into that part of the world. Their coins had images of ships.

FIRST TO ISSUE COINS FROM KOTILINGALA MINT

The Satavahanas are the first native Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest.

Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and even facial features (curly hair, long ears and strong lips). They issued mainly lead and copper coins; their portrait-style silver coins were usually struck over coins of the Western Kshatrapa kings.

The coin legends of the Satavahanas, in all areas and all periods, used a Prakrit dialect without exception. Some reverse coin legends are in a Dravidian language in Telugu or Tamil[21] , which seems to have been in use in their heartland abutting the Godavari, probably Kotilingala, Karimnagar district and Krishna, probably Amaravati, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.

Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. The legendary Ujjayini emperor Vikramditiya on whose name the Vikram Samvat is initiated might be Satakarni II a Satavahana emperor as the Ujjayini symbol also appeared on the Satavahana coins.

SPREAD FROM KOTILINGALA,AND KARIMNAGAR,ADILABAD REGION

After becoming independent around 230 BCE, Simuka, the founder of the dynasty,FROM KOTILINGALA,AND KARIMNAGAR,ADILABAD REGION, conquered Maharashtra, Malwa and part of Madhya Pradesh. He was succeeded by his brother Kanha (or Krishna) (r. 207-189 BCE), who further extended his kingdom to the west and the south.
Satakarni (c.180-124 BCE)
Early Satakarni issue, Maharashtra - Vidarbha type COIN
Satavahana 1st century BCE coin inscribed in Brahmi: "(Sataka)Nisa". British Museum.

His successor Sātakarnī I was the sixth ruler of the Satavahana. He is said in the Puranas to have ruled for 56 years.

Satakarni defeated the Sunga dynasty of North India by wresting Western Malwa from them, and performed several Vedic sacrifices at huge cost, including the Horse Sacrifice - Ashwamedha yajna. He also was in conflict with the Kalinga ruler Kharavela, who mentions him in the Hathigumpha inscription. According to the Yuga Purana he conquered Kalinga following the death of Kharavela. He extended Satavahana rule over Madhya Pradesh and pushed back the Sakas from Pataliputra (he is thought to be the Yuga Purana's "Shata", an abbreviation of the full name “Shri Sata” that occurs on coins from Ujjain), where he subsequently ruled for 10 years.

By this time the dynasty was well established, with its capital at Pratishthānapura (Paithan) in Maharashtra, and its power spreading FROM South India TO MANY PARTS OF INDIA

TELANGANA RULERS BETWEEN KRISHNA & GODAVARI

The Satavahanas initially ruled in the area of Andhradesa, the Telugu name for the people country between the rivers Krishna and Godavari IN OTHER WORDS TELANGANA, which was always their heartland. The Pūrānas list 30 Andhra rulers. Many are known from their coins and inscriptions as well.

SATAVAHANAS IKSVAKU LINKS WITH EUROPE

SATAVAHANAS IKSVAKU LINKS WITH EUROPE,INDO-AUTSRIAN LANGUAGE AND WERE BORN OF GOURD AS THIS IS FROM INDIAN EPICS.
Satavahans or Satkarnis, is Sanskritised as Shatvahana, Shalivahana and Shatakarni. The name Satakani appears to be aboriginal. It may have its roots in Indo-Austric words, Sada=Horse and kon =son, which could indicate the horse totem of the non-Aryans.The Proper Sanskritization as Sata is Sapti(Horse),Saptikarna would indicate a split-totem,horse-ear,the terminations Karna and vahana can both indicate descent from.

SATAVAHANAS FIRST TELANGANA RULERS

SATAVAHANAS FIRST TELANGANA RULERS
The archaeological evidence indicates that Kotilingala (karimnagar) in Andhra Pradesh was the ancient site of pre-Satavahana and early Satavahana kings. The Satavahana was a Brahmin dynasty first mentioned in the Aitareya Brahmana, dating back to the 8th century BCE mentioning them to be of Vishwamitra's lineage. In the Pūrānas and on their coins the dynasty is variously referred to as the Sātavāhanas, Sātakarnīs, Andhras and Andhrabhrityas.[citation needed] A reference to the Sātavāhanas by the Greek traveller Megasthenes indicates that they possessed 100,000 infantry, 1,000 elephants, and had more than 30 well built fortified towns

TELANGANA SATAVAHANA FOUNDED AT KOTILINGALA

The Sātavāhana was a Telugu dynasty which ruled from Dharanikota or Amaravati in coastal Andhra Pradesh and later from Junnar (Pune), Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra and Kotilingala (Karimnagar) in Andhra Pradesh over Southern and Central India from around 230 BCE onward. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates suggest that it lasted about 450 years, until around 220 CE. The Satavahanas are credited for establishing peace in the country, resisting the onslaught of foreigners after the decline of Mauryan empire.

Next come the Andarae, a still more powerful race, which possesses numerous villages, and thirty towns defended by walls and towers, and which supplies its king with an army of 100,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry, and 1,000 elephants.
—Pliny. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8-23. 11., quoted Megasthenes

The Sātavāhanas ruled a large and powerful empire that withstood the onslaughts from Central Asia. Aside from their military power, their commercialism and naval activity is evidenced by establishment of Indian colonies in southeast Asia.

TELANGANA RULERS STARTED SHALIVAHANA SAKA

Eventually Gautamiputra (Sri Yagna) Sātakarni (also known as Shalivahan) (78-106 CE) defeated the Western Satrap ruler Nahapana, restoring the prestige of his dynasty by reconquering a large part of the former dominions of the Sātavāhanas. He was an ardent supporter of Hinduism.

According to the Nasik inscription made by his mother Gautami Balasri, he is the one who crushed down the pride and conceit of the Kshatriyas (the native Indian princes, the Rajputs of Rajputana, Gujarat and Central India); who destroyed the Shakas (Western Kshatrapas), Yavanas (Indo-Greeks) and Pahlavas (Indo-Parthians) etc,who rooted the Khakharata family (The Kshaharata family of Nahapana); who restored the glory of the Satavahana race

Gautamiputra Satakarni may also have defeated Shaka king Vikramaditya in 78 AD and started the calendar known as Shalivahana era or Shaka era, which is followed by the Marathi and Telugu people and is the Indian National Calendar.

Gautamiputra Sātakarni's son, Vashishtiputra Pulumāyi (106-130 CE), succeeded him. Gautamiputra was the first Sātavāhana king to issue the portrait-type coinage, in a style derived from the Western Satraps