Nizam,BRITISH,story of Circar Districts

Hostilities recommenced in India between the French and the English in AD.1758 on the outbreak of Seven Years War in Europe in A.D.1756. As a result, the French lost their power in India and consequently it also lost influence at Hyderabad. In A.D.1762 Nizam Ali Khan dislodged Salabat Jung and proclaimed himself as Nizam.

Hyderabad came into focus again when Nizam Ali Khan (Nizam II) in A.D.1763 shifted the capital of the Deccan from Aurangabad to Hyderabad. Such a move helped rapid economic growth and expansion of the city, resulting in its importance and prosperity.

Between A.D.1766 and A.D.1800, Nizam's sovereignty had declined considerably and the British gained their authority over the Nizams by compelling the latter to sign six treaties.
In A.D.1766, the Nizam signed a treaty with the British, whereby in return for the Northern Circars, the British agreed to furnish Nizam Ali Khan with a subsidiary force as and when required and to pay Rs.9 lakhs per annum when the assistance of the troops was not required in lieu of Northern Circars to be ceded to them. In A.D.1768 he signed another treaty conferring the Northern Circars to the British and the payment by the British was reduced to Rs.7 lakhs. According to another treaty, he surrendered the Guntur circar in A.D.1788. In A.D.1779, the Nizam conspired with Hyder Ali of Mysore and the Peshwa of the Marathas to drive away the English. When they learnt about his designs, the English marched against the Nizam who had to sue for peace agreeing to the presence of an English Resident along with army, artillery and cavalry at Hyderabad

Centre's decision to form Telangana

Deccan Chronicle
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Friday, December 11, 2009
Decision on Telangana driven by Rahul's plan to split UP

Several Congress leaders feel that the Centre's decision to form Telangana is part of a longterm strategy chalked out by the AICC general secretary, Mr Rahul Gandhi, who wants to gain hold over Uttar Pradesh by dividing it into Bundelkhand and Purvanchal.

The Centre's decision on Telangana would bring life to agitations in the two regions of UP and would aid Mr Gandhi's political strategies.

SARKAR SEEMA under Presidency RULE

The Madras presidency was administered by a governor and a council, consisting of two members of the civil service, which number may be increased to four. There was also a board of revenue of three members. For legislative purposes the council of the governor was augmented by additional members, numbering 45 in all, of whom not more than 17 may be nominated officials, while 19 were elected by various representative constituencies. Members of the legislative council enjoyed the right of interpolation, of proposing resolutions on matters of public interest, and of discussing the annual financial statement.

In 1911 the province was divided into 24 districts: Ganjam, Vizagapatam (Visakhapatnam), Godavari, Krishna, Kurnool, Nellore, Cuddapah, Anantapur, Bellary, North Arcot, South Arcot, Chingleput, Madras, Salem, South Canara, Malabar, Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, Tanjore, Madurai, Tirunelveli, The Nilgiris, and Guntur. Each district was under the charge of a collector, with sub-collectors and assistants. The districts were not grouped into divisions or commissionerships, as in other provinces

Telangana - A Historical Perspective

Telangana - A Historical Perspective

The history of Telangana since the formation of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 is one of humiliation, breach of trust and exploitation of its people and resources. This has stretched the patience of simple, trusting and peace loving people to the hilt. The popular and broad based demand for a separate statehood for Telangana is again in the forefront.


In fact, the demand for separate statehood for Telangana started even before the formation of Andhra Pradesh and continued since then. It never ceased to exist and never faded from public memory but suppressed with periodic assurances which were never fulfilled.


Before independence, Telangana was part of the princely state of Hyderabad, which consisted of Telugu, Marathi and Kannada speaking regions. At the time of independence,

Hyderabad State continued to retain its separate identity. Following the intervention of the Union Government which was popularly termed as the ‘Police Action,’ Hyderabad State was merged with the Indian Union on September 17, 1948. From 1948,

Hyderabad State remained under the administration of the Union Government till general elections were held in 1952.

COMPARE FIRST & THIS 5 YEAR PLANS

The First five year plan started with one lakh of crores of rupees.

Now, we have an annual budget of several lakhs of crores.
Promises were made about quality of life.
But economic growth, measured in GDP did not get translated into human development.

They quote Gandhi ji who said: “man is the measure of development”. On the ground, the pattern of development yielded negative indicators such as

(a) Cash compensation
(b) Alienation from their own lands, through acquisition and resale at market prices.
(c) Loss of livelihoods
(d) Distress migration et al.
They have heard the promises of globalization, liberalization, privatization and profit
maximization loud and clear, but they got spurious fertilizers and pesticides, faced failed
crops, committed suicides et al.

Even a cursory look at the environs of Hyderabad, Mahabubnagar and Medak districts
reveal the on the ground social conditions of distress and conflict.

The interior rural-tribal areas present even more distressing ground conditions and social conflict. They have grown over time with no signs of mitigation.

Time to redefine our problems priorities and answers to the problems:

People are alienated for they do not recognize themselves as citizens in our democracy.

For democracy means decentralized and participative self governance.

FAILED MARRIAGE

A.P proved a case of enforced marriage by the elders -
sustained through a constant intervention:
Gentlemen’s agreement,
constitutional promises and provisions,
statutory mechanisms,
change in the rules and regulations,
judicial pronouncements and awards,
special institutional innovations such as Telangana Development committee (TDC),
a number of commissions and committees,
all of these efforts could not sustain the marriage between Telangana and Andhra.

People believed in the sanctity of these measures: but ultimately lost their confidence in the political process and the public institutions.

Telangana and Andhra regions presented two divergent scenarios

The ground conditions of Andhra and Telangana were widely varying due to historical factors. Telangana and Andhra regions presented two divergent scenarios - historically, politically, economically, socially as well as culturally.

However, above 50 years of actual experience has revealed that none of the objectives of the larger state with the merger of Andhra and Telangana had not only not fulfilled the ideals or accomplished the objectives, but to the contrary created considerable problems and a series of upheavals. It had generated persistent conflict between the two regions.

Andhra Pradesh proved that linguistic organization of states does not, per se represent as symbols of progress: at best they are only a means; even as a means to an end, A.P has failed.

NATIONS SMALLER THAN A DISTRICT IN TELANGANA

NOTE CAPTION MINE
The world’s 6.5 billion people live in 190-odd countries.

This means the average nation has about 30-35 million people. If we exclude large entities like China, India, the European Union, the United States, Brazil, Nigeria, Indonesia, etc, the average nation’s population falls to 15 million.


Many major countries, including Korea, Iran, the Netherlands and South Africa, have 15-75 million people. Most others have 4 - 10 million people –
Scandinavia and much of Africa. Their sub-units are much smaller.



SOME NATIONS SMALLER THAN A DISTRICT IN TELANGANA

So there’s nothing odd about a 31-million-strong Telangana–with an area of 11,840 sq km, which exceeds the size of 100 of the world’s countries.

Dumping English style employees

Kayasthaas, Maarwaris, and all others are very well positioned and their assimilation into the society of this land is marvelous. Same environ is available to Coastal and Rayalaseema people.

But, the dangerous dumping of thousands of English conversant employees after 1948 Police Action and continuing contentious employment opportunities have created turmoil and posture of grabbing and denials.
The very existence of urge for this long and recent wide spread in unbelievable proportions by all sections of the society irrespective of caste, creed, age, class and education, sacrifice of graduate modern student forces of their academic year and bright future besides unabated suicides of more than 350 students and youth amply displays the necessity of separate statehood to Telangana.

This is for livelihood, rightful earning, equi-distribution of yield of growth, development,
welfare and river waters for farming, self respect, and rightful scope to decide their future on their own –
in nutshell:

RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

The people of TELANGANA, are in, for the realization of sixty years long urge, more than fifty years long struggle, now emotionally surcharged unprecedented mass movement to sustain their separate statehood.

about TCMG

TCMG considered this committee as more
elaborate than that of State Reorganisation Commission, though not constituted as per
Commission’s act, but with seven terms of reference – last one being the scope for
making appropriate suggestion or recommendation.

The division and divide among Telangana and non-Telangana is so deep among all
sections of the society and passions are mounting as the process is being delayed.

The passions refuse to die down. This situation is now beyond solution.

All Telangana masses are for expeditious separation where as the Machiavellian
corporate cunning class of other parts is for continuing their hold of power, economy and
polity in the name of ‘unified’.

With separation, all the Telugu people can be permanent friends. Pressure tactics to
hold united will lead to unbearable enmity.

With their sponsored disturbances, Telangana movement is gradually moving towards
much deeper civic strife, which is detrimental to the very foundations of our Indian
republic.

We are generous in sharing of river waters, natural resources and other infrastructure.
We also know of the projected growth avenues of Coastal and Rayalaseema regions
with petroleum, natural gas, mineral and other ecological deposits.
We also understand the potential of the seashore and its growing opportunities.
We also know that they will never reach us where as non-Telanganaites will squeeze us
to exhaust and extinguish like Red Indians of original America, if we loose to get
separate state.
There are clear cut boundaries to the state to be formed in the shape of clear 17
Loksabha and 119 Assembly constituencies spreading among 10 districts. Telangana as
state is larger than more than 100 countries and will be among big states of our country.
The contentious claimed growth of Hyderabad is just a myth and it is not to yield fruits to
natives, as the per capita incomes and other human development and human poverty
index will clearly explain.
With all these non-reaching yield, Telangana is known to its accommodative and
compassionate nature.
For several hundreds of years, thousands and lakhs of Kannadigas,

TCMG report extracts for info from open document,

Telangana though land with holdings of nobles, deprived of learning in Telugu gave its people harmony, health care, exposure to modernity and taste of advanced administration.

Sir Ronald Ross conducted his experiments on malaria in Hyderabad in
1897 which earned him Nobel Prize in 1902. In 1907, Hyderabad had astronomical research – Nizamia Observatory. Congenial for innovations. Such advanced installations grew in number even before it became integral part of independent India.

The case for Telangana state is over examined, excessively evaluated, rigourously reported and dutifully deceived. SAYS RAPOLU ANANDA BASKAR

The reports on Telangana are full of broken promises, un-adhered agreements, failed formula, swallowed surpluses and safeguards, reversed recommendations, cunningly contended contexts, twisted terms and thoroughly recorded references

RAHUL GANDHI meets TCMG members

Telangana tale is full of continuous oppression, imperialism, colonization, expansionism,
linguistic abuse and human rights violations.

At present, TELANGANA is in UNPRECEDENTED MASS UPHEAVAL.

The word TELANGANA is thousands of years old. It means the land where Telugu is
spoken. The land has civilization of thousands of years.

Certain etymologists concluded that the present location, on longitude between
15degrees and 21degrees and latitude between 74 degrees and 82 degrees on
Deccan plateau is the land where Telugu was first spoken.

Aboriginal Telugu words were intact till recently, among illiterate people of the remote
TELANGANA, where as people of all other Telugu areas add words of other Languages
knowingly or unknowingly in their communication.

Telangana, as Telingana, Telingane is in global historical records for the last two
thousand years. Karl Marx recorded this word in this geographical setting, tracing the
happenings since 11th century, in his notes on India.

In the modern Indian history, Telangana is known for waging war against its ruler,
establishing communication channels, organizing armed camps and struggles, facing
brutal and fatal forces just to Join India, convey its attachment and love for India.

Presently, Telangana caught the imagination of our nation, global village for being
oppressed, suppressed and facing pressure to be in the clutches of united.

Even today, Telangana has to learn from these united singulars about its land, language,
culture, history, societal expectations, economic deprivation and political slavery.

TCMG goes to New delhi on Telangana

Telangana tale is full of
continuous oppression,
imperialism,
colonization,
expansionism,
linguistic abuse
and
human rights violations.

At present, TELANGANA is in UNPRECEDENTED MASS UPHEAVAL.

The word TELANGANA is thousands of years old. It means the land where Telugu is
spoken. The land has civilization of thousands of years.

ART OF SATAVAHANAS

The Sātavāhana kings are also remarkable for their contributions to Buddhist art and architecture. They built great stupas in the Krishna River Valley, including the stupa at Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh. The stupas were decorated in marble slabs and sculpted with scenes from the life of the Buddha, portrayed in a characteristic slim and elegant style. The Satavahana empire colonized southeast Asia and spread Indian culture to those parts. Mahayana Buddhism, which may have originated in Andhra (northwestern India being the alternative candidate), was carried to many parts of Asia by the rich maritime culture of the Satavahanas. The Amaravati style of sculpture spread to Southeast Asia at this time.

The Satavahanas contributed greatly to the embellishment of the Buddhist stupa of Sanchi. The gateways and the balustrade were built after 70 BCE, and appear to have been commissioned by them. An inscription records the gift of one of the top architraves of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana king Satakarni:

Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni

Throughout, the Buddhist art of the Satavahanas remained aniconic, denying any human representation of the Buddha, even in highly descriptive scenes. This remained true until the end of the Satavahana rule, in the 2nd century CE.

words talari,talavara, nagamma,viramma.

Lets us start the history of satavahana from established

sources such as the Megasthanes of 295BC and Pliny[ VI-;XVII:XIX]who

wrote that in south there is a dynasty by the name of ANDHRA.

Lets see what my Russian friend and linguist M.S.Andropov has to say

about word “Andhra” ..He tried to trace the origions of Telugu culture,why

they are so special and superior to other cultures even during the

Mahabarata period to get special mention about their 30 forts is worth

noting.We can understand they are aLarge cultural group little different from

other major Indian cultures.

They lived on the banks of river tributary whose name was Andri

and Handri ,they are in that name still today in Maharashtra and tungabadra

subriver even though the names in our region were changed in time cycle.

There is an Andhra valley near Bombay,Bellary inscription give the word

Andhrapathamau [220AD]

The usage of Mahatalavarasa word by satavahana kings show us that the official

language was Prakruti the common man language was newly developing telugu

an offshoot of Brahmi.

We come across the words talari,talavara meaning gramadhikari,Nagarjunakonda

inscription have the words nagamma,viramma.

There are several telugu words in GathaSaptaSathi,Vajjalaggam which is worth

noting.

SATAVAHANA COINS

Satavahana rulers were subdued during the period of Asoka but were independent

rulers from 8 th c BC,as given the privilege to be of vishvamitra lineage, In puranas

they were referred as satavahanas,satakarni,and Andhras, they have 30 forts ,

1000 elephants,100,000 infantry,2000cavalry.

The Deccan region was covered by large number of small tribal

kings which were often in war among themselves.

The Satavahana were the strongest among them after naga kings,

In this way the kingdom of satavahana came into existence in telanagana

region defeating the mahatalavaras.We get numismatic evidence to prove

this point enclosing the photo of rare Mahatalavarasa coin from my coin

collection along With some satavahana coins too from various coin collectors

collection which were worth noting in explaining the expertise used in minting

and various designs from various regional mints of one king and

Of other satavahana rulers Explained,

MAHATALAVARASA TELUGU WORDS OF PRE STAVAHANA KINGS

The history of Satavahana dynasty start from Karimanagar,Adilabad region.

Before them the MahatalavarasRuled this region, we come across coins of

Mahatalavara and other pre –Satavahana rulers, But lack of

Script on coins make us puzzled about their history. But their

style of design on coins gives us their Independent style of coin minting than

north India, gives us clue about their existence before satavahana

dynasty. Recent discovery of fort at near water falls in Ichoda mandal

gives us proof about that.The cobbled

pathwayfortifications show us the importance of this fort ,at we may

assume it was the capital of satavahana dynasty The pottery with

several circles gives us it is of new type as similar seals are excavated in Egypt

also, which show us the satavahana maritime trade. Early period of satavahana

trade flourished with Egypt

sumeria,hittitites,which made south India the hub of trade,we exported spices

and got in exchange gold. Diamond mines were famous in whole world,

Queens were given important place in satavahana dynasty

Queen Naganika,wife of satakarni was perhaps the first queen found on

incriptions.,Even Nanaghat,Nasik incriptions give details of satavahana

rulers.Satavahana kings were first to issue the silver coins with portrait of king face.

They equally gave donations to Buddhist,Jain,Brahmains.

Conducted Ashwamedha yagnamto show their strength. They ruled whole of

telangana,Andhra,Karnataka,konkan,maharshatra,vidraba,gone

upto Gujarat,Vidisha in north and still further. South Indian history was

given little importance sofar, specially satavahana period for lack of

encouragement and was neglected. We were first to trade with outside world,

build ocean going ships and mint it on coins.

HISTORY OF SATAVAHANA FEMALE ATTENDEANTS

atavahana rulers were quoted in old works like the Aitareya Brahmana,the Epics ,

the Paraná’s, the early Buddhist and Jain works.Gunadhya’s Brhatkatha,

Hala’s Gathasaptasati and Vatsyayana’sKamasutras reflected the

social and cultural life of the Satavahana period.

The Kathasaritsagara mentions the story of a king named Dipakarni

who saw a boy riding a Sata or lion, adopted him and named him

Satavahana

‘Satavahana’ and ‘Satakarni’ are the two standard names by which the

rulers of that dynasty are referred to in their inscriptions and coins.

Various explanations have been given for these names: Satkarni means

” the son of a horse”, and explained in terms of the Aswamedha tradition.

Barnett explained Satkarni as meaning the son of Sata. Sometime it is taken

to mean as one who has a hundred ships, or one whose vehicle is drawn by

hundred bulls or the one with his ears bored. The Kathasaritsagara mentions

the story of a king named Dipakarni who saw a boy riding a Sata or lion,

adopted him and named him Satavahana or the one who had a lion for his vehicle.

It is also suggested that Satavahana is only a variant of ‘Saptavahana’,

meaning the sun, and that they were so called because they were the worshippers

of the sun. these theories, however, have been discarded by Dr. M. Rama Rao,

who has argued that the dynasty has been named after the founder of the dynasty,

who ruled before Simukha.

Przyluski thinks that Sata and vahana, the constituents of Satavahana, are both

Mundawords; the former is the Sanskrtisation of the Munda word sadam meaning

a horse and the latter ofhapan meaning a son. Satavahanas were “sons of horse”

as they believed themselves to be born of the chief queen with the sacrificial horse

in the Asvamedha sacrifice So many kings in the Puranic dynasties as well as in

historic ruling families werecelebrated performers of the Asvamedha sacrifice

Even Megashtanes,Pliny ,Ptolemy,wrote refers about

satavahana army ,forts,maritimeTrade,viharas,even Fahein of 5th c AD ,wrote

about the donations to famous viharas by satavahana queens

GENTLEMEN AGREMENT FATE IN 2010

State Reorganisation Commission (SRC,1955) headed by Justice Fazal Ali has recommended that Telangana area shall continue as a separate state.

In 1956, Under “Gentlemen’s Agreement” Andhra leaders have given certain assurances to the Telangana leaders. On the basis of them united Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1956.
Safeguards given under Gentlemen’s Agreement in 1956

Status of those safeguards today i.e., in 2010:
1.It was reduced to 4 years in 1975.
Even that 4 years safeguard also grossly violated.
2.Not followed. Violated in many ways. Freezone concept initiated.
eg, not even 10% of jobs in Secretariat are from Telanagana people.
3.Regional Council itself was abolished. Lakhs of acres of fertile land under canals in Telangana region gone into the hands of the Andhrites. Minor irrigation in Telangana neglected.
4.Regional Council was abolished.
5.Those balance funds were transferred in large scale for the development of Andhra region.

6.In 1956 itself, the promise was broken. The first C.M. was from Andhra but Dy.C.M. post was not given to Telanganite.
Out of 54 years only 6 years C.M. post was held by Telanganites.
7.Not followed.

GENTLEMAN AGREEMENT

In 1956, Under “Gentlemen’s Agreement” Andhra leaders have given certain assurances to the Telangana leaders. On the basis of them united Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1956.

Safeguards given under Gentlemen’s Agreement in 1956:

1.Mulki rules will continue.i.e., 12 years of permanent residence will be the basis for recruitments in Telangana region.
2.Future recruitment to services will be on the basis of population from both the regions.

3.Sale of agricultural lands in Telangana to be controlled by the Regional council.


4.Telangana Regional council will have to look after all round development of Telanagana.
5.General Expenditure of the state shall be borne proportionately by the two regions. The balance income from Telangana should be spent on development of Telangana region.
6.If C.M. is from Andhra Deputy C.M. should be from Telanagna and if C.M. is from Telangana Deputy C.M. should be from Andhra.
7.Cabinet will consist of members in proportion of